血清素-2受体激动剂作为新型眼压药物及其细胞和分子作用机制。
文章的细节
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引用
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谢里夫NA
血清素-2受体激动剂作为新型眼压药物及其细胞和分子作用机制。
Curr Drug Targets. 2010 Aug;11(8):978-93。
- PubMed ID
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20426763 (PubMed视图]
- 摘要
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眼睛由大量的血清素能神经和5-羟色胺(5-羟色胺;5HT)存在于动物和人类眼睛的房水中。为了阐明5 -羟色胺能系统在眼前段调节眼压(IOP)中的作用,在各种动物物种中使用各种5HT配体进行了广泛的局部眼给药研究。尽管某些5HT(1A)激动剂降低了家兔的眼压,但这些化合物未能影响正常血压或眼压高的猴子的眼压。相比之下,5HT(2)激动剂在血压正常的大鼠和高眼压的食蟹猴的眼睛中诱导IOP显著降低,而这些药物在血压正常的猫和兔子的眼睛中不起作用。进一步的研究表明,5HT(2A)受体强烈参与介导有意识眼高压食蟹猴的眼压降低。进一步的结构-活性研究发现,AL-34662,一种选择性的5HT(2)激动剂(相对于其他5HT受体类型和亚型),在5HT(2A), 5HT(2B)和5HT(2C)受体上具有高亲和力,效力和有效性,可有效降低猴模型的眼压(300mg眼外用剂量6小时后降低33 +/- 3%)。由于无法获得猴眼细胞,为了与猴子体内观察相关联和支持,使用相关的人眼细胞进行了广泛的体外研究。RT-PCR和原位杂交研究显示,人眼组织中存在参与IOP调节的5HT(2A-C)受体亚型的mrna。这些mrna的相对分布和密度如下:睫状体(CB) (5HT(2A) > 5HT(2B) > 5HT(2C)),睫状体上皮(CE) (5HT(2A) > 5HT(2B) = 5HT(2C))和小梁网(TM) (5HT(2A)= 5HT(2B) >> 5HT(2C))。 Furthermore, quantitative autoradiography revealed a relatively high specific binding of [(3)H]-5HT and [(3)H]-ketanserin to 5HT(2) receptors in human CE and longitudinal ciliary muscle (CM). Second messenger studies revealed the presence of phospholipase C-coupled 5HT(2A) receptors in h-CM and h-TM cells where they stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and mobilized intracellular Ca(2+) when challenged with a variety of 5HT(2A-C) receptor agonists (e.g. alpha-methyl-5HT, (R)-DOI, alpha-methyl-5HT, BW-723C86, MK-212, mCPP, cabergoline, AL-34662). These functional responses were blocked by selective 5HT(2) receptor antagonists with the 5HT(2A) antagonist, M-100970, exhibiting the highest potency. Thus, functional 5HT(2A) receptors are present in human ocular cells involved in IOP reduction and this correlates with the ability of 5HT(2A) agonists to lower IOP in Cynomolgus monkeys, a surrogate for human subjects.