吗啡在新生儿体内的代谢和药代动力学研究综述。
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吗啡在新生儿体内的代谢和药代动力学研究综述。
诊所(圣保罗)。2016年8月,71(8):474 - 80。doi: 10.6061 /诊所/ 2016(08)11。
- PubMed ID
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27626479 (PubMed视图]
- 摘要
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吗啡是微受体和k受体的激动剂,其激活导致镇痛。吗啡样激动剂通过微阿片受体起作用,引起疼痛缓解、镇静、兴奋和呼吸抑制。吗啡在3号和6号位置被葡萄糖醛酸化和硫酸化;血药浓度比与出生体重正相关,这可能反映了随着出生体重的增加肝脏重量的增加。此外,吗啡清除率与胎龄和出生体重呈正相关。吗啡血浆浓度在24-48小时后达到稳态,但葡萄糖醛酸代谢物血浆浓度在60小时前未达到稳态。与吗啡-6代谢物相比,吗啡-3-葡萄糖苷代谢产物清除率低,半衰期短,分布体积小,是最活跃的类吗啡激动剂。普通剂量会引起便秘、尿潴留和呼吸抑制。新生儿疼痛缓解可能需要大约120 ng/ml的血液水平,而较低水平(20-40 ng/ml)似乎适合儿童。使用PubMed数据库和关键词“必威国际app吗啡代谢新生儿”和“吗啡药代动力学新生儿”进行文献检索。 The initial and final cutoff points were January 1990 and September 2015, respectively. The results indicate that morphine is extensively glucuronidated and sulfated at positions 3 and 6, and that the glucuronidation rate is lower in younger neonates compared with older infants. Although much is known about morphine in neonates, further research will be required to ensure that recommended therapeutic doses for analgesia in neonates are evidence based.