中毒的临床特征和管理由于氯化钾。

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Saxena K

中毒的临床特征和管理由于氯化钾。

地中海Toxicol药物不良Exp。1989; 11 - 12月4 (6):429 - 43。

PubMed ID

2689836 (在PubMed

]

文摘

钾是人体中最丰富的离子,但很难评估钾平衡。氯化钾是广泛用作补充钾,通过医生的治疗方式和普通大众,主要以盐的形式替代。治疗,口服给药和静脉注射的是钾利用形式。过量的钾在临床实践中经常遇到不如高钾血症(体内过量的钾)由于急性或慢性肾脏疾病。体内平衡是保持非常精致,是由钾钾和肾排泄的日常消费机制。任何改变在这些或相关因素可以呈现为高钾血症。然而,钾过量导致严重后果的发生。口头,钾的剂量必须足够大,以便正常排泄钾是克服和临床毒性发生的机制。需要更大剂量的摄入钾生产毒性肾功能正常的患者肾功能受损的患者。钾毒性表现显著特点,急性心血管变化与心电图异常。 Besides cardiovascular effects, neuromuscular manifestations in the form of general muscular weakness and ascending paralysis occur. Gastrointestinal symptoms manifest as nausea, vomiting, paralytic ileus, and local mucosal necrosis which may lead to perforation. It is imperative when treating hyperkalaemia that the whole clinical picture is taken into account rather than the numerical potassium values. Only the extracellular potassium can be measured in the laboratory, yet 98% of the body potassium is intracellular and cannot be measured. In acute overdose situations due to ingestion of potassium salt, the general principles of treatment for overdoses should be followed. Calcium chloride infusion, dextrose and insulin in water, and correction of acidosis with sodium bicarbonate are helpful in controlling the acute, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. These modalities do not remove the excess potassium from the body. That is achieved either by utilising ion-exchange resins or by mechanically removing potassium via haemodialysis. To curtail inadvertent or accidental potassium overdoses, physicians should prescribe any potassium supplements very carefully to their patients and monitor the plasma potassium periodically.

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药物

钾