铋化合物的药物动力学和毒性。

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Slikkerveer,德沃尔夫足总

铋化合物的药物动力学和毒性。

地中海Toxicol药物不良Exp。1989; 9月- 10月4(5):303 - 23所示。

PubMed ID

2682129 (在PubMed

]

文摘

无机铋盐不溶于水,溶解度受到介质的酸度和某些化合物的存在(水)氧或含巯基的组。铋在生物材料的分析不是标准化的,受到大的变化;很难比较不同研究的数据,以上数据应该小心地走近。正常血液中的铋浓度1 - 15微克/ L,但口服制剂的吸收产生显著上升。铋的器官分布在很大程度上是独立于复合管理或行政管理路线:肾总是最高的,物质的浓度也保留很长一段时间。绑定到一个金属铋结合蛋白在肾,可诱导合成的金属本身。消除从身体发生尿和粪便的路线,但具体比例由每个路线仍然是未知的。消除从血液显示multicompartment药物动力学,最短的半衰期中描述人类3.5分钟,最长17至22年。大量的毒性作用归因于铋化合物在人类:肾病、脑病、骨关节病、牙龈炎、口腔炎和结肠炎。然而,肝炎是否是一个副作用是开放的争端。 Each of these adverse effects is associated with certain bismuth compounds. Bismuth encephalopathy occurred in France as an epidemic of toxicity and was associated with the intake of inorganic salts including bismuth subnitrate, subcarbonate and subgallate. In the prodromal phase patients developed problems in walking, standing or writing, deterioration of memory, changes in behaviour, insomnia and muscle cramps, together with several psychiatric symptoms. The manifest phase started abruptly and was characterised by changes in awareness, myoclonia, astasia and/or abasia and dysarthria. Patients recovered spontaneously after discontinuation of bismuth. Intestinal lavage, forced diuresis and haemodialysis have been tried without positive effects on the clinical condition of the patient or on blood bismuth concentration, and the use of dimercaprol as an antidote has produced reports of both positive and negative findings. To confirm the diagnosis of bismuth encephalopathy, it is essential to find elevated bismuth concentrations in blood, plasma, serum or CSF. A safety level of 50 micrograms/L and an alarm level of 100 micrograms/L have been suggested in the past, but no proof is available to support the choice of these levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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药物

次硝酸铋