差异引起的急性和慢性毒性吡虫啉及其代谢物的蜜蜂。

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Suchail年代,Guez D, Belzunces LP

差异引起的急性和慢性毒性吡虫啉及其代谢物的蜜蜂。

环境Toxicol化学2001;11月20 (11):2482 - 6。

PubMed ID

11699773 (在PubMed

]

文摘

吡虫啉是一种系统性硝基胍杀虫剂,属于烟碱类杀虫剂的家庭。作为一种乙酰胆碱受体的激动剂,它攻击昆虫神经系统和非常有效的针对各种吸和矿业害虫。口服吡虫啉的急性和慢性毒性及其主要代谢物(5-hydroxyimidacloprid 4 5-dihydroxyimidacloprid、desnitroimidacloprid 6-chloronicotinic酸,烯烃,和尿素衍生物)的蜜蜂进行调查。急性中毒的吡虫啉或其代谢产物导致的迅速出现神经毒性症状,如高反应性、多动、颤抖和导致hyporesponsiveness和活动减退。对于急性毒性测试,蜜蜂治疗剂量的有毒化合物从1到1000 ng /蜜蜂(10 - 10000 microg /公斤)。急性毒性(LD50)值的吡虫啉约60 ng /蜜蜂(600 microg /公斤)48 h和大约40 ng /蜜蜂(400 microg /公斤)在72年和96年h。六个吡虫啉代谢产物测试,只有两个(5-hydroxyimidacloprid和烯烃)表现出毒性与吡虫啉。烯烃LD50值低于吡虫啉。5-hydroxyimidacloprid显示较低的毒性比吡虫啉LD50吡虫啉的四到六倍。尿素也出现了不可忽视的毒性的化合物诱发接近40%的死亡率在1000 ng /蜜蜂(10000 microg /公斤)。然而,没有明显的毒性观察4,5-dihydroxyimidacloprid, 6-chloronicotinic酸,desnitroimidacloprid剂量范围的测试。 To test chronic toxicity, worker bees were fed sucrose solutions containing 0.1, 1, and 10 microg/L of imidacloprid and its metabolites for 10 d. Fifty percent mortality was reached at approximately 8 d. Hence, considering that sucrose syrup was consumed at the mean rate of 12 microl/d and per bee, after an 8-d period the cumulated doses were approximately 0.01, 0.1, and 1 ng/bee (0.1, 1, and 10 microg/kg). Thus, all tested compounds were toxic at doses 30 to 3,000 (olefin), 60 to 6,000 (imidacloprid), 200 to 20,000 (5-OH-imidacloprid), and >1,000 to 100,000 (remaining metabolites) times lower than those required to produce the same effect in acute intoxication studies. For all products tested, bee mortality was induced only 72 h after the onset of intoxication.

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吡虫啉