5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2

Details

Name
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2
Synonyms
  • 2.7.11.1
  • ACACA kinase
  • Acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase
  • AMPK
  • AMPK subunit alpha-2
  • AMPK2
  • HMGCR kinase
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase
Gene Name
PRKAA2
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0013353|5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 MAEKQKHDGRVKIGHYVLGDTLGVGTFGKVKIGEHQLTGHKVAVKILNRQKIRSLDVVGK IKREIQNLKLFRHPHIIKLYQVISTPTDFFMVMEYVSGGELFDYICKHGRVEEMEARRLF QQILSAVDYCHRHMVVHRDLKPENVLLDAHMNAKIADFGLSNMMSDGEFLRTSCGSPNYA APEVISGRLYAGPEVDIWSCGVILYALLCGTLPFDDEHVPTLFKKIRGGVFYIPEYLNRS VATLLMHMLQVDPLKRATIKDIREHEWFKQDLPSYLFPEDPSYDANVIDDEAVKEVCEKF ECTESEVMNSLYSGDPQDQLAVAYHLIIDNRRIMNQASEFYLASSPPSGSFMDDSAMHIP PGLKPHPERMPPLIADSPKARCPLDALNTTKPKSLAVKKAKWHLGIRSQSKPYDIMAEVY RAMKQLDFEWKVVNAYHLRVRRKNPVTGNYVKMSLQLYLVDNRSYLLDFKSIDDEVVEQR SGSSTPQRSCSAAGLHRPRSSFDSTTAESHSLSGSLTGSLTGSTLSSVSPRLGSHTMDFF EMCASLITTLAR
Number of residues
552
摩尔ecular Weight
62319.055
Theoretical pI
Not Available
GO Classification
Functions
[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase activity/[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity/AMP-activated protein kinase activity/ATP binding/chromatin binding/histone serine kinase activity/metal ion binding/protein kinase activity/protein serine/threonine kinase activity/protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity
Processes
carnitine shuttle/cell cycle arrest/cellular lipid metabolic process/cellular response to drug/cellular response to glucose starvation/cellular response to nutrient levels/cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus/cholesterol biosynthetic process/energy reserve metabolic process/fatty acid biosynthetic process/脂肪酸体内平衡/gene expression/glucose homeostasis/histone-serine phosphorylation/insulin receptor signaling pathway/intracellular signal transduction/lipid biosynthetic process/macroautophagy/membrane organization/mitochondrion organization/negative regulation of apoptotic process/negative regulation of TOR signaling/organelle organization/positive regulation of autophagy/positive regulation of glycolytic process/positive regulation of macroautophagy/protein phosphorylation/regulation of circadian rhythm/regulation of energy homeostasis/regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process/regulation of macroautophagy/regulation of transcription, DNA-templated/response to muscle activity/response to stress/rhythmic process/signal transduction/small molecule metabolic process/transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter/Wnt signaling pathway
Components
cytoplasm/cytosol/nucleoplasm/nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex
General Function
Protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity
Specific Function
Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin. Regulates lipid synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating lipid metabolic enzymes such as ACACA, ACACB, GYS1, HMGCR and LIPE; regulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA and ACACB) and hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) enzymes, respectively. Regulates insulin-signaling and glycolysis by phosphorylating IRS1, PFKFB2 and PFKFB3. Involved in insulin receptor/INSR internalization (PubMed:25687571). AMPK stimulates glucose uptake in muscle by increasing the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, possibly by mediating phosphorylation of TBC1D4/AS160. Regulates transcription and chromatin structure by phosphorylating transcription regulators involved in energy metabolism such as CRTC2/TORC2, FOXO3, histone H2B, HDAC5, MEF2C, MLXIPL/ChREBP, EP300, HNF4A, p53/TP53, SREBF1, SREBF2 and PPARGC1A. Acts as a key regulator of glucose homeostasis in liver by phosphorylating CRTC2/TORC2, leading to CRTC2/TORC2 sequestration in the cytoplasm. In response to stress, phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of histone H2B (H2BS36ph), leading to promote transcription. Acts as a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation by phosphorylating TSC2, RPTOR and ATG1/ULK1: in response to nutrient limitation, negatively regulates the mTORC1 complex by phosphorylating RPTOR component of the mTORC1 complex and by phosphorylating and activating TSC2. In response to nutrient limitation, promotes autophagy by phosphorylating and activating ATG1/ULK1. AMPK also acts as a regulator of circadian rhythm by mediating phosphorylation of CRY1, leading to destabilize it. May regulate the Wnt signaling pathway by phosphorylating CTNNB1, leading to stabilize it. Also phosphorylates CFTR, EEF2K, KLC1, NOS3 and SLC12A1. Plays an important role in the differential regulation of pro-autophagy (composed of PIK3C3, BECN1, PIK3R4 and UVRAG or ATG14) and non-autophagy (composed of PIK3C3, BECN1 and PIK3R4) complexes, in response to glucose starvation. Can inhibit the non-autophagy complex by phosphorylating PIK3C3 and can activate the pro-autophagy complex by phosphorylating BECN1 (By similarity).
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Cytoplasm
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0013354|5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 (PRKAA2) ATGGCTGAGAAGCAGAAGCACGACGGGCGGGTGAAGATCGGACACTACGTGCTGGGCGAC ACGCTGGGCGTCGGCACCTTCGGCAAAGTGAAGATTGGAGAACATCAATTAACAGGCCAT AAAGTGGCAGTTAAAATCTTAAATAGACAGAAGATTCGCAGTTTAGATGTTGTTGGAAAA ATAAAACGAGAAATTCAAAATCTAAAACTCTTTCGTCATCCTCATATTATCAAACTATAC CAGGTGATCAGCACTCCAACAGATTTTTTTATGGTAATGGAATATGTGTCTGGAGGTGAA TTATTTGACTACATCTGTAAGCATGGACGGGTTGAAGAGATGGAAGCCAGGCGGCTCTTT CAGCAGATTCTGTCTGCTGTGGATTACTGTCATAGGCATATGGTTGTTCATCGAGACCTG AAACCAGAGAATGTCCTGTTGGATGCACACATGAATGCCAAGATAGCCGATTTCGGATTA TCTAATATGATGTCAGATGGTGAATTTCTGAGAACTAGTTGCGGATCTCCAAATTATGCA GCACCTGAAGTCATCTCAGGCAGATTGTATGCAGGTCCTGAAGTTGATATCTGGAGCTGT GGTGTTATCTTGTATGCTCTTCTTTGTGGCACCCTCCCATTTGATGATGAGCATGTACCT ACGTTATTTAAGAAGATCCGAGGGGGTGTCTTTTATATCCCAGAATATCTCAATCGTTCT GTCGCCACTCTCCTGATGCATATGCTGCAGGTTGACCCACTGAAACGAGCAACTATCAAA GACATAAGAGAGCATGAATGGTTTAAACAAGATTTGCCCAGTTACTTATTTCCTGAAGAC CCTTCCTATGATGCTAACGTCATTGATGATGAGGCTGTGAAAGAAGTGTGTGAAAAATTT GAATGTACAGAATCAGAAGTAATGAACAGTTTATATAGTGGTGACCCTCAAGACCAGCTT GCAGTGGCTTATCATCTTATCATTGACAATCGGAGAATAATGAACCAAGCCAGTGAGTTC TACCTCGCCTCTAGTCCTCCATCTGGTTCTTTTATGGATGATAGTGCCATGCATATTCCC CCAGGCCTGAAACCTCATCCAGAAAGGATGCCACCTCTTATAGCAGACAGCCCCAAAGCA AGATGTCCATTGGATGCACTGAATACGACTAAGCCCAAATCTTTAGCTGTGAAAAAAGCC AAGTGGCATCTTGGAATCCGAAGTCAGAGCAAACCGTATGACATTATGGCTGAAGTTTAC CGAGCTATGAAGCAGCTGGATTTTGAATGGAAGGTAGTGAATGCATACCATCTTCGTGTA AGAAGAAAAAATCCAGTGACTGGCAATTACGTGAAAATGAGCTTACAACTTTACCTGGTT GATAACAGGAGCTATCTTTTGGACTTTAAAAGCATTGATGATGAAGTAGTGGAGCAGAGA TCTGGTTCCTCAACACCTCAGCGTTCCTGTTCTGCTGCTGGCTTACACAGACCAAGATCA AGTTTTGATTCCACAACTGCAGAGAGCCATTCACTTTCTGGCTCTCTCACTGGCTCTTTG ACCGGAAGCACATTGTCTTCAGTTTCACCTCGCCTGGGCAGTCACACCATGGATTTTTTT GAAATGTGTGCCAGTCTGATTACTACTTTAGCCCGTTGA
Chromosome Location
1
Locus
Not Available
External Identifiers
Resource Link
UniProtKB ID P54646
UniProtKB Entry Name AAPK2_HUMAN
HGNC ID HGNC:9377
General References
  1. Aguan K, Scott J, See CG, Sarkar NH: Characterization and chromosomal localization of the human homologue of a rat AMP-activated protein kinase-encoding gene: a major regulator of lipid metabolism in mammals. Gene. 1994 Nov 18;149(2):345-50. [Article]
  2. Beri RK,马利AE,看到CG, Sopwith WF, Aguan K、Carling D, Scott J, Carey F: Molecular cloning, expression and chromosomal localisation of human AMP-activated protein kinase. FEBS Lett. 1994 Dec 12;356(1):117-21. [Article]
  3. 格雷戈里·SG,巴洛KF McLay KE, Kaul R, SwarbreckD, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [Article]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  5. Imamura K, Ogura T, Kishimoto A, Kaminishi M, Esumi H: Cell cycle regulation via p53 phosphorylation by a 5'-AMP activated protein kinase activator, 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Sep 21;287(2):562-7. [Article]
  6. Yang W, Hong YH, Shen XQ, Frankowski C, Camp HS, Leff T: Regulation of transcription by AMP-activated protein kinase: phosphorylation of p300 blocks its interaction with nuclear receptors. J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 19;276(42):38341-4. Epub 2001 Aug 22. [Article]
  7. Zhou G, Myers R, Li Y, Chen Y, Shen X, Fenyk-Melody J, Wu M, Ventre J, Doebber T, Fujii N, Musi N, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ, Moller DE: Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest. 2001 Oct;108(8):1167-74. [Article]
  8. Hallows KR, Kobinger GP, Wilson JM, Witters LA, Foskett JK: Physiological modulation of CFTR activity by AMP-activated protein kinase in polarized T84 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2003 May;284(5):C1297-308. Epub 2003 Jan 2. [Article]
  9. Inoki K, Zhu T, Guan KL: TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival. Cell. 2003 Nov 26;115(5):577-90. [Article]
  10. Hurley RL, Anderson KA, Franzone JM, Kemp BE, Means AR, Witters LA: The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases are AMP-activated protein kinase kinases. J Biol Chem. 2005 Aug 12;280(32):29060-6. Epub 2005 Jun 24. [Article]
  11. Jones RG, Plas DR, Kubek S, Buzzai M, Mu J, Xu Y, Birnbaum MJ, Thompson CB: AMP-activated protein kinase induces a p53-dependent metabolic checkpoint. Mol Cell. 2005 Apr 29;18(3):283-93. [Article]
  12. 格里尔EL Oskoui公关,Banko先生,Maniar JM, Gygi MP,Gygi SP, Brunet A: The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase directly regulates the mammalian FOXO3 transcription factor. J Biol Chem. 2007 Oct 12;282(41):30107-19. Epub 2007 Aug 20. [Article]
  13. Lee JH, Koh H, Kim M, Kim Y, Lee SY, Karess RE, Lee SH, Shong M, Kim JM, Kim J, Chung J: Energy-dependent regulation of cell structure by AMP-activated protein kinase. Nature. 2007 Jun 21;447(7147):1017-20. Epub 2007 May 7. [Article]
  14. McGee SL, van Denderen BJ, Howlett KF, Mollica J, Schertzer JD, Kemp BE, Hargreaves M: AMP-activated protein kinase regulates GLUT4 transcription by phosphorylating histone deacetylase 5. Diabetes. 2008 Apr;57(4):860-7. doi: 10.2337/db07-0843. Epub 2008 Jan 9. [Article]
  15. Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007. [Article]
  16. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [Article]
  17. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M800588-MCP200. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [Article]
  18. McDonald A, Fogarty S, Leclerc I, Hill EV, Hardie DG, Rutter GA: Cell-wide analysis of secretory granule dynamics in three dimensions in living pancreatic beta-cells: evidence against a role for AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of KLC1 at Ser517/Ser520 in glucose-stimulated insulin granule movement. Biochem Soc Trans. 2010 Feb;38(Pt 1):205-8. doi: 10.1042/BST0380205. [Article]
  19. Alexander A, Cai SL, Kim J, Nanez A, Sahin M, MacLean KH, Inoki K, Guan KL, Shen J, Person MD, Kusewitt D, Mills GB, Kastan MB, Walker CL: ATM signals to TSC2 in the cytoplasm to regulate mTORC1 in response to ROS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 2;107(9):4153-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0913860107. Epub 2010 Feb 16. [Article]
  20. Loffler AS, Alers S, Dieterle AM, Keppeler H, Franz-Wachtel M, Kundu M, Campbell DG, Wesselborg S, Alessi DR, Stork B: Ulk1-mediated phosphorylation of AMPK constitutes a negative regulatory feedback loop. Autophagy. 2011 Jul;7(7):696-706. Epub 2011 Jul 1. [Article]
  21. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. [Article]
  22. Egan DF, Shackelford DB, Mihaylova MM, Gelino S, Kohnz RA, Mair W, Vasquez DS, Joshi A, Gwinn DM, Taylor R, Asara JM, Fitzpatrick J, Dillin A, Viollet B, Kundu M, Hansen M, Shaw RJ: Phosphorylation of ULK1 (hATG1) by AMP-activated protein kinase connects energy sensing to mitophagy. Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):456-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1196371. Epub 2010 Dec 23. [Article]
  23. Towler MC, Hardie DG: AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling. Circ Res. 2007 Feb 16;100(3):328-41. [Article]
  24. 艰苦的DG:活化/ SNF1蛋白激酶:反对served guardians of cellular energy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Oct;8(10):774-85. [Article]
  25. Hawley SA, Fullerton MD, Ross FA, Schertzer JD, Chevtzoff C, Walker KJ, Peggie MW, Zibrova D, Green KA, Mustard KJ, Kemp BE, Sakamoto K, Steinberg GR, Hardie DG: The ancient drug salicylate directly activates AMP-activated protein kinase. Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):918-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1215327. Epub 2012 Apr 19. [Article]
  26. Chida T, Ando M, Matsuki T, Masu Y, Nagaura Y, Takano-Yamamoto T, Tamura S, Kobayashi T: N-Myristoylation is essential for protein phosphatases PPM1A and PPM1B to dephosphorylate their physiological substrates in cells. Biochem J. 2013 Feb 1;449(3):741-9. doi: 10.1042/BJ20121201. [Article]
  27. Boutchueng-Djidjou M, Collard-Simard G, Fortier S, Hebert SS, Kelly I, Landry CR, Faure RL: The last enzyme of the de novo purine synthesis pathway 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC) plays a central role in insulin signaling and the Golgi/endosomes protein network. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2015 Apr;14(4):1079-92. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M114.047159. Epub 2015 Feb 16. [Article]
  28. Littler DR, Walker JR, Davis T, Wybenga-Groot LE, Finerty PJ Jr, Newman E, Mackenzie F, Dhe-Paganon S: A conserved mechanism of autoinhibition for the AMPK kinase domain: ATP-binding site and catalytic loop refolding as a means of regulation. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2010 Feb 1;66(Pt 2):143-51. doi: 10.1107/S1744309109052543. Epub 2010 Jan 27. [Article]
  29. Handa N, Takagi T, Saijo S, Kishishita S, Takaya D, Toyama M, Terada T, Shirouzu M, Suzuki A, Lee S, Yamauchi T, Okada-Iwabu M, Iwabu M, Kadowaki T, Minokoshi Y, Yokoyama S: Structural basis for compound C inhibition of the human AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 subunit kinase domain. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2011 May;67(Pt 5):480-7. doi: 10.1107/S0907444911010201. Epub 2011 Apr 14. [Article]
  30. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [Article]
  31. Greenman C, Stephens P, Smith R, Dalgliesh GL, Hunter C, Bignell G, Davies H, Teague J, Butler A, Stevens C, Edkins S, O'Meara S, Vastrik I, Schmidt EE, Avis T, Barthorpe S, Bhamra G, Buck G, Choudhury B, Clements J, Cole J, Dicks E, Forbes S, Gray K, Halliday K, Harrison R, Hills K, Hinton J, Jenkinson A, Jones D, Menzies A, Mironenko T, Perry J, Raine K, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Small A, Tofts C, Varian J, Webb T, West S, Widaa S, Yates A, Cahill DP, Louis DN, Goldstraw P, Nicholson AG, Brasseur F, Looijenga L, Weber BL, Chiew YE, DeFazio A, Greaves MF, Green AR, Campbell P, Birney E, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan MH, Khoo SK, Teh BT, Yuen ST, Leung SY, Wooster R, Futreal PA, Stratton MR: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature. 2007 Mar 8;446(7132):153-8. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank ID Name Drug group Pharmacological action? Actions Details
DB00945 Acetylsalicylic acid approved, vet_approved unknown activator Details
DB12010 Fostamatinib approved, investigational unknown inhibitor Details
DB00273 Topiramate approved unknown inducer Details
DB00131 Adenosine phosphate approved, investigational, nutraceutical, withdrawn yes activator Details